Directory of image this file is from
This file as a plain text file
OS/78 command summary. Processed by HELP.SV. To add text files:
&
*** OS/78 Command Summary ***
ASSIGN Rename a logical device LOAD Load filespec
BASIC Enter BASIC system MAP Map binary files
BOOT Bootstrap another device MEMORY Adjust memory size
COMPARE compare ASCII files ODT Run octal debugger
COMPILE Compile FORTRAN, BASIC, PAL PAL Assemble filespec
COPY Copy filespec R Run program from SYS:
CREATE Open new filespec for editing RENAME Rename filespec
CREF Assemble with CREFed listing RTFLOP RT-11 to OS/78 transfer
DATE Enter or read date RUN Run filespec
DEASSI Deassign logical devices SAVE Save program image
DELETE Delete filespec SET Alter device characteristics
DIRECT Request directory SQUISH Remove empty blocks on a device
DUPLIC Copy diskette START Start [loaded] program
EDIT Edit file SUBMIT Request BATCH operation
EXECUTE Load/run FORTRAN, BASIC, PAL TERMIN Run TERMIN.SV (user written)
FORMAT Format RL01/02 disk for OS/78 TYPE Type filespec
FUTIL File utility program UA-UC User defined commands
GET Load image file into memory ZERO Zero directory of a device
HELP "HELP" prints this list; "HELP ?" lists available HELP subjects.
"HELP WRITE" has instructions for writing your own HELP files.
&BASIC
BASIC.SV
@Calling Commands:
.BASIC
@Internal Commands:
BYE Exit from BASIC
EDIT Edit a line
LIST List current program statements
NAME Rename current program
NEW Prepare for a new program
OLD Retrieve an old program
RUN Run current program
SAVE Save current program
SCRATCH Delete current program
SEQ Begin auto sequence mode
&BOOT
BOOT.SV
@Calling Commands:
.BOOT/dv
@dv = RX to boot from RL01/02 disk to RX01/02 diskette
= RL to boot from RX01/02 diskette to RL01/02 disk
&COMPAR
SRCCOM.SV
@Calling Commands:
.COMPAR outdev:file.PA<indev:file1.PA,indev:file2.PA
.COMPAR outfile.PA<infile1.PA,infile2.PA - - - -(iles on DSK)
@Switches:
/B Compare blank lines
/C Don't compare (slashed) comments
/S Don't compare tabs and spaces
/T Convert tabs to spaces on output
/X Don't compare or print comments
@ERRORS:
?0 Insufficient memory
?1 Input error file 1 (or less than 2 input files)
?2 Input error file 2
?3 Output file too large
?4 Output error
?5 Can't open output file
&COMPILE
&FORTRAN
Assembles (and compiles if necessary) programs written in:
BASIC (runs BASIC.SV)
FORTRAN (runs F4.SV)
PAL8 (runs PAL8.SV)
@FORTRAN Calling Commands: (Compile FORTRAN PROGRAM)
.COMPILE outdev:ralffilE.RL,outdev:listfile.LS,outdev:mapfile.MP<indev:file.FT
.COMPILE infile.FT - - - -(from DSK)
@Switches:
/L Chain to loader to create load-image file (use loader options too)
/G Same as /L and runs program
/N Suppress internal statement numbers
/Q Optimize cross-statement subscripting
.HELP F4ERR (Prints FORTRAN error messages)
PAL8 and BASIC Calling Commands: (Assemble PAL program compile, load
and run BASIC program)
See HELP for PAL8 and BASIC
&CREF
CREF.SV
@Calling Commands:
.CREF outdev:binfile.BN,outdev:listfile.LS,outdev:tempfile.TM<indev:file.PA
.CREF indev:file.PA - - (listing to LPT only)
.CREF infile.PA - - - - (listing to LPT, input file on DSK)
@Switches:
/E Don't delete temporary CREF file (CREFLS.TM)
/M CREF files with many symbols in 2 passes (twice as slow)
/P No pass 1 listing
/U No listing or symbol table
/X No literals
&DIRECT
DIRECT.SV
@Calling Commands
.DIR dev:filespec (* = wild name or extension)
(? = wild character)
.DIR
@Switches:
/B Include starting block numbers (octal)
/C List only files with current date
/E Include empties
/F Fast mode
/M List empties only
/O List only files with other than today's date
/R List remainder of files after first one (but use /C,/O)
/U Treat each input specification separately
/V List files not of form specified
=n Use n columns
&DUPLICATE
RXCOPY.SV
@Calling Commands:
.DUPLIC outdev:<indev:
@Switches:
/C Default, copy and match
/D Format output diskette to double-density (RX02)
/M Match with no implied copy
/N Copy with no implied match
/P Pause before and after accessing disk
/R Read output device with no implied copy or match
/S Format output diskette to single-density (RX02)
&EDIT
&CREATE
EDIT.SV
@Calling Commands: Internal Commands:
.EDIT outdev:file.PA<indev:file.PA A Append text
.CREATE outfile.PA B List # locations left
C Change text
@Switches:
D Delete text
/A Return to editor on close E Transfer rest of data,close
/B Convert spaces to tab F After j,resume search
/D Predelete G Get and list tagged line
I Insert text
Errors:
J Inter-buffer search
?0 Input error K Kill buffer
?1 Output error L List text
?2 Close error M Wove text
?3 Open error N Write text,read next page
?4 Couldn't load handler P Write buffer to output
Q Immediate end of file
R Read from input device
S Character search
V List on line printer
Y Input page,no output
&EXECUTE
PAL8.SV and ABSLDR.SV
F4.SV, FRTS.SV, and LOAD.SV
BASIC.SV, BRTS.SV, and BLOAD.SV
(Compile, assemble, load, and run PAL, FORTRAN,
@Calling Commands: and BASIC programs)
.EXECUTE indev:file
NOTE
See BASIC, COMPILE, LOAD, and PAL
Commands for additional command
strings and options.
&FUTIL
FUTIL.SV
Note: FUTIL is a versatile program, but is also quite sophisticated.
Do not use this utility until you have read the manual and understand
what you want to do. Always operate with a copy of your system files.
Conditions are established with the command SET "function argument".
Currently existing conditions are returned with the command SHOW
"function". Additional commands allow file manipulation, and BATCH
control.
SET DEVICE device: declare input device
DDEVIC device: declare output device
DMODE ALL output to declared and default devices
PART output only to declared devices
NONE no output
ERROR LONG long form of error messages
SHORT abbreviated error messages
FILLER numeric sets low bits of numeric arguments
FORMAT one of: ASCII, BCD, BYTE, DIRECTORY, FPP, OCTAL, OS,
UNSIGNED, SIGNED, XS240
LOWER numeric lower limit for search
MASK numeric mask for WORD search
MODE one of: LOAD, NORMAL, OFFSET, SAVE
OFFSET numeric sets low bits of location searched for
OUTPUT one of: FPP, OCTAL, PDP
TEMP numeric set TEMP=n (24bit)
SHOW one of: ABSOLUTE, BLOCK, CCB, DEVICE, DDEVICE, ERRORS, FILLER,
FORMAT, HEADER, LOWER, MASK, MODE, ODT, OFFSET, OUTPUT,
RELATIVE, SMASK, UPPER, VERSION
DUMP [format] location string
LIST [format] location string
MODIFY (in some format,) location string Formats: ASCII, PACKED
OS, XS240, NUMERIC
WORD one of: ABSOLUTE, FROM, MEMREF, TO, UNEQUAL [bit pattern to use]
STRING one of: ABSOLUTE, FROM, MASKED, TO [string to use]
SMASK [string mask to use]
FILE retrieve file parameters
WRITE write out modification buffer
SCAN read check of DDEV
REWIND initialize directory references
OPEN open a file on DDEV
CLOSE close a file on DDEV
EVALUATE <expression>
BATCH operations:
IF <expression> evaluates to zero continue, else skip to END
END enable execution following a non-zero IF
COMMENT pass comment from TTY to BATCH log
EXIT exit to BATCH (if running, else exit to OS/78 monitor)
Single character commands: (n = optional numeric argument)
n/ open location in current mode (all locations are closed
before the next commands are executed)
n# output location contents in BCD
n$ (dollar) output contents in ASCII
n% output contents in OS/78 BYTE mode
n& output contents in XS240 ASCII
n: output contents in SIGNED DECIMAL
n< output contents in OCTAL
n= output contents in UNSIGNED DECIMAL
n> output contents in PDP (symbolic)
n? output contents in DIRECTORY format
n@ output contents in OS/78 DATE format
n[ output contents in ASCII
n\ output contents in FFP (symbolic)
] output contents in PACKED ASCII
n<esc> output contents in the current format
n<ret> close the location(s) with no output
n; close the location(s), open the next; has no output
&FORMAT
FORMAT.SV
@CALLING COMMAND:
.FORMAT RL01/option
or:
.FORMAT RL02/option
@Options:
/0 Drive 0
/1 Drive 1 (default)
/P Pause before and after formatting disk
NOTE:
If additional bad blocks are found on
existing packs, some files may not be
recoverable. If drive 0 is selected, a
PAUSE will follow to allow a chance to
exit the program before formatting the
system pack. Formatting does not alter
the contents of files.
&F4ERR
FORTRAN compiler errors:
AA Too many args are arrays ML Multiply defined line numbers
AS Bad ASSIGN statement MM Mismatched parenthesis
BD Bad dimensions MO Expected operand missing
BS Bad statement in BLOCK DATA MT Mixed variable types
CL Bad complex literal OF Error writing output file
CO Syntax error in COMMON OP Illegal operator
DA Bad syntax in DATA statement OT Wrong operand type
DE Illegal statement at end of DO PD Compiler stack overflow
DF Bad DEFINE FILE statement PH Bad program header line
DH Hollerith field error QL Nesting error in equivalence
DL Wrong data/variable list length QS Syntax error in EQUIVALENCE
DN DO-END missing RD Redefining variable dimensions
DO Syntax error in do RT Redefining variable type
DP Bad DO loop parameter RW Syntax error in read/write
EX Syntax error in EXTERNAL SF Bad arithmetic function
GT Syntax error in GOTO SN Illegal name in call
GV Variable not INTEGER or REAL SS Subscript expression error
HO Hollerith field error ST Symbol table full
IE Error reading input file SY System error
IF Improper statement TD Bad syntax in type declaration
LI Bad arg to logical IF US Undefined statement number
LT Input line too long VE Version error
MK Misspelled keyword
&LOAD
For PAL8 generated binaries:
.LOAD indev:binfile.BN,...
@Switches:
/8 Prog doesn't use below 02000
/9 Prog doesn't use below 12000
/G Execute program
/I Memory image file
/R Reset
/S Multiple binaries/file
/ff Force loading to field ff (ff is two octal digits)
=ffnnnn Set starting address
For FORTRAN programs:
.LOAD outdev:file.LD<indev:file1.RL,...
@Switches:
/C Continue on next line (use RET for cont. lines and ESC for last line)
/G Chain to run-time system and execute program (terminate line with ESC
to give I/O specifications and with RET to begin execution)
/S Print symbol map
&MAP
BITMAP.SV
@Calling Command:
.MAP outdev:mapfile.MP<indev:file.BN,...
@Switches:
/n Force mapping of all files to field n (0-7)
/R Reset internal map
/S Allow multiple binaries per file
/T Select TTY (default) or LPT output format
&ODT
ODT
@Calling Commands:
.ODT
@Internal Commands:
ffnnnn/ Open loc nnnn+ Open current loc+nnnn
/ Reopen last opened loc nnnn- Open current loc-nnnn
nnnn Deposit nnnn in open loc nnnnG Go from loc nnnn
<cr> Close previously opened loc nnnnB Insert breakpoint at loc nnnn
<lf> Close loc, open next loc B Remove breakpoint
^ Close,open loc addressed A Open AC
_ Close,open loc pointed to L Open link
M Open search mask C Continue from breakpoint
M<lf> Open lower search limit nnnnC Continue nnnn times
M<lf><lf> Open upper search limit D Open data field
nnnnW Search for nnnn in limits F Open field for ^,_, W and B
CTRL/O Supress printing commands
&PAL
PAL8.SV
@Calling Commands:
.PAL outdev:binfile.BN,outdev:listfile.LS,outdev:tempfile.TM<indev:file.PA
.PAL infile.PA
@Switches:
/B Treat ! as byte shift /K Use extra memory
/C Chain to CREF /L Load
/E Enable error msg on link generated /N No listing
/F Disable 0-fill in TEXT pseudop /O Disable origin 200
/G Load and execute program /S No symbol table
/H Non-paginated output /T No form feeds
/J Don't list lines conditionalized out /W Don't remember literals
.HELP PALERR prints PAL8 error messages
&PALERR
PAL8.SV
ASSEMBLY ERRORS
BE Tables overlapped
CF REF.SV not on SYS:
DE Device error
DF Device full
IC Illegal character
ID Illegal redefinition
IE Illegal equals
II Illegal indirect
IP Illegal pseudo-op
IZ Illegal page zero reference
LD SYS:ABSLDR.SV not found
LG Link generated
PE Page exceeded
PH End of source conditionalized out
RD Redefinition
SE Symbol table exceeded
UO Undefined origin
US Undefined symbol
ZE Page 0 exceeded
&RTFLOP
RTFLOP.SV
@Called by:
.RTFLOP
RTFLOP>output filespec<input file/options
Options:
/R Read file from an RT-11 floppy
/W Write file onto a floppy in RT-11 format
/L List directory of an RT-11 floppy
/D Delete a file from an RT-11 floppy
/Z Zero an RT-11 floppy (initialize and delete all files)
/0 Select drive 0 (default)
/1 Select drive 1
Example:
RTFLOP>RTFILE.EXT<OSFILE.EX/W/1 copies OSFILE.EX on drive 1 to
drive 0 as RTFILE.EXT
Errors:
Bad slash option not a legal option
No option flag required option not specified
Bad directory directory requested was in wrong format
has never been initialized
Handler fetch failed OS/78 handler requested not available
OS/78 I/O error I/O error in OS/78 handler
Can't specify RT-11 dev device not allowed in RT-11 filespec
Need file name file structured devices must have file names
Output device full output device has no room for the file
File not found requested file not found
Segment full no room in RT-11 directory
RT-11 Floppy I/O error I/O error on RT-11 floppy
OS/78 file overflow RT-11 file larger than available OS/78 space
&SET
SET.SV
.SET device [NO] parameter(s)
devices: terminals: TTY, COM0, COM1, SLU2, SLU3, VLU2, VLU3
line printers: LPT, LQP
system (SYS:)
device handlers (e.g. RXNS, LPSV, VXA0)
Terminal parameters:
BAUD nn set baud rate of VT278 printer port
COL n Set number of columns used by DIRECT
ECHO Restore terminal character echoing
ESC Echo ESC as dollar sign
HEIGHT n Set number of lines sent between PAUSE
PAGE enable the PAGE function
PAUSE n Set pause between "pages" from 1-85 seconds.
SCOPE Erase character on terminal in response to DEL
WIDTH n Set width of terminal to n
Line printer parameters:
LC do not convert lowercase to uppercase (LPSV only)
WIDTH n Set width of lineprinter to n
Device handler parameters:
.SET HANDLER old new old = Handler to be replaced
new = Handler to be inserted
Example: .SET HANDLER LPTS LPSV to replace the serial LPT
handler with the parallel version
NOTE: both old and new handlers must reside on SYS: as handler.HN
.SET HANDLER /L Display list of current handlers
System parameters:
.SET SYS INIT file Request execution of "file" when starting system.
Examples:
.SET SYS INIT R LOG will execute the file LOG.SV upon boot
.SET SYS INIT HELP will execute the CCL command HELP
.SET SYS INIT @NEW will execute the file NEW.CM
.SET SYS DEVICE logdev handler.hn
Transfer current OS/78 system to another logical
device "logdev:". System handler to use is
"handler.hn". Read the SET command chapter before
doing this!
&SUBMIT
BATCH.SV
@Calling Commands:
.SUBMIT spooldev:<batchfile.BI - - - - (batchfile must be on SYS:)
@Switches:
/E Don't abort on monitor, and CCL errors
/H Suppress BATCH log and terminal output
/Q Send only $JOB and $MSG lines to log
/T Send output from processing to terminal only
/U Accept no terminal input except CRTL/C
&LIST
©
&RENAME
&DELETE
&TYPE
FOTP.SV
@Calling Commands:
.COPY outdev:file.ex<indev:file.ex (* = wild name or extension)
.REN outdev:newfile.ex<indev:oldfile.ex (? = wild character)
.DEL dev:file.ex
.LIST dev:file.ex - - - - (same as: .COPY LPT:<indev:file.ex)
.TYPE dev:file.ex - - - - (same as: .COPY TTY:<indev:file.ex)
@Switches:
/C Match only files with current date
/F Request new device if no room on current device
/N No pre-delete
/O Match only files with other than today's date
/Q Query user about file before operation
/T Use today's date
/U Treat each input specification separately
/V Match files not of form specified
&ASSIGN
&DATE
&DEASSIGN
&GET
&MEMORY
&R
&RUN
&SAVE
&START
&SQUISH
&TERMIN
&UA
&UB
&UC
&ZERO
COMMANDS WITH SINGLE ARGUMENT
@Calling Commands:
.ASSIGN dev name Assign name to device
.DATE dd-mon-yy Enter date into system
.DEASSIGN Deassign logical device names
.GET dev:file.ex Load memory image (.SV) file
.MEMORY n Specify highest memory field available
.R file Execute file.sv from SYS
.RUN dev:file.ex Execute file.ex from the device
.SAVE dev:file.ex Save memory image (.SV)
.SQUISH dev: Compress file storage on device
.START fnnnn Start execution at location fnnnn (octal)
.TERMIN Stop OS/78 operation and run TERMIN.SV
.UA (UB, UC) commandline Save commandline (type: .UA<cr> to execute it)
.ZERO dev: Zero device's directory
&WRITE
If you don't like the HELP files furnished with OS/78, you can write
your own. Just follow a few guidelines for changing the text file
accessed from HELP.
1. The HELP processor uses standard OS/78 handlers, so any ASCII
file that is unpacked (one character/word) or packed in standard
OS/78 format can be read.
2. The matching key for entries in the HELP file is &WORD, where
"WORD" can be any length. Only the first 6 characters are considered
unique for comparison by HELP.SV, and only the first 10 characters
are printed by the HELP ? request to list all subjects.
3. The first keyword for a subject must be preceded by a linefeed
character. The combination <LF>& indicates a file for a HELP sub-
ject. Related keywords can be included under the first, provided
they are preceded by only the amphersand. These keywords will also
be found by HELP. For example, help requested for COMPILE and
FORTRAN access the same subject file.
4. Keywords must be in uppercase, though the text of the HELP
subject may be uppper and lowercase.
5. The HELP file may be as long as you like. Any entry in the file
can be as long as you like, provided you don't exceed any OS/78 file
size limitations.
6. Entries in the file need not be in alphabetical order. However,
the list of keywords that reference the file material must be in
alphabetical order. The order of subject entries in HELP.HL
determines the order of display when the HELP ? command is given. If
the subjects are alphabetical, the display across the VDT will be in
alphabetical order. RX01/02 system users should note that HELP.SV
reads 8 OS/78 blocks at a time when searching for a subject, so
users of these systems can shuffle the most frequently referenced
HELP commands toward the front of the file to minimize search time.
7. For detailed examples, LIST HELP.HL.